Search results for "Personality Assessment Inventory"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
The Carnism Inventory: Measuring the ideology of eating animals.
2016
Beliefs surrounding the practice of eating animals are widely held, and have been argued to constitute an ideology named carnism (Joy, 2009). We developed and validated the novel Carnism Inventory to measure two positively related components of carnistic beliefs: carnistic defense and carnistic domination. We anticipated that carnistic defense would legitimate the practice of eating animals, while carnistic domination would support the killing of animals for their meat. The Carnism Inventory showed the hypothesized two-dimensional structure as well as good internal consistencies and stability (N = 302, Study 1). We also demonstrated the convergent and discriminant validity of the Carnism In…
Does the Interpersonal Model Generalize to Obesity Without Binge Eating?
2016
The interpersonal model has been validated for binge eating disorder (BED), but it is not yet known if the model applies to individuals who are obese but who do not binge eat. The goal of this study was to compare the validity of the interpersonal model in those with BED versus those with obesity, and normal weight samples. Data from a sample of 93 treatment-seeking women diagnosed with BED, 186 women who were obese without BED, and 100 controls who were normal weight were examined for indirect effects of interpersonal problems on binge eating psychopathology mediated through negative affect. Findings demonstrated the mediating role of negative affect for those with BED and those who were o…
Are individuals with an eating disorder less sensitive to aesthetic flaws than healthy controls?
2008
Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate whether the positive evaluation of other people's bodies is due to difficulties in the recognition of flaws in attractive features of others. Method Thirty female individuals with an eating disorder (IEDs) and 30 normal controls (NCs) rated pictures of a woman's face in relation to various manipulated facial features. Accuracy rates, discrepancy scores, and response times were assessed. Participants also answered questionnaires relating to social comparison, internalization of the slender ideal, and eating disorder symptoms. Results NCs were significantly more accurate at detecting flaws and recognized the degree of manipulation better than…
Self-Perceptions of Sicilian Male Youth
1972
An Italian version of the AVA was included in the test battery for a pilot study of Project Talent in Sicily. Ss were 395 male students attending a public technical school in Palermo, Sicily. Profiles of basic self and social self-concepts, as well as the composite self-concept yielded by the AVA, were analyzed for the Sicilian sample. The latter were also compared with those for an American normative sample ( N = 7732). Two heavily concentrated clusters were noted in the self-perceptions of the Sicilians in contrast to those of the American sample which are more evenly distributed throughout the personality spheroid comprising the AVA model.
Internet Addiction Disorder: An Italian Study
2007
Abstract The Italian version of the Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was administered online to a sample of Italian chatters (n = 236) who were different in terms of gender, age, and occupation. Results revealed that young users are more at-risk subjects for Internet addiction than adults, perceiving a compromised social and individual quality of their life that led them to make a compensatory usage of the Internet. Similarly, employed users perceive their social and individual quality of life as more compromised by the Internet than students. Moreover, subjects who declared spending much time online obtained IAT scores higher than others in all the IAT subscales. Finally, nightly user…
Life success of males on nonoffender, adolescence-limited, persistent, and adult-onset antisocial pathways: follow-up from age 8 to 42
2009
A random sample of 196 males, drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, was divided into four groups of offenders using information from government registers of convictions between ages 21 and 47, from local police registers searched at age 21, from a Self-Report Delinquency Scale administered at age 36, from a Life History Calendar for ages 15-42, and from personal interviews at ages 27, 36, and 42. The groups were: persistent offenders (offences before and after age 21; 29% of the men); adolescence-limited offenders (offences before age 21; 27%); adult-onset offenders (offences after age 21; 16%); and nonoffenders (28%). The profile of the persiste…
Masculine Gender Role Stress
2003
Eisler and Blalock (Clin. Psychol. Rev. 11 (1991) 45) developed a cognitively mediated notion of Masculine Gender Role Stress (MGRS) which assumes that rigid commitment to masculine schemata for appraisal and coping with life's problems may both produce stress and result in dysfunctional coping patterns in men. Previous findings obtained in a non-clinical sample pointed to the ability of the MGRS General scale to predict different forms of irrational fears. Using a predominantly psychologically distressed sample, the present study replicated this finding. In addition, different subordinate concepts of MGRS (Physical inadequacy, Emotional inexpressiveness, Subordination to women, Intellectua…
Personality â a resource or risk for successful development
2009
Personality as a resource or risk for development was discussed in the light of the results of the ongoing Finnish Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (FJYLS) which the author has conducted since 1968 when the participants (N = 369, b. 1959) were 8 years of age. A general hypothesis presented within a two-dimensional framework of self-control and activity was that the child's high self-control of emotions and behavior would be associated with adaptive behavior in adulthood. The results have provided evidence in support for and limitations to the hypothesis. High self-control was a resource and low self-control was a risk for development, but there were gender …
[Spanish asthma patients' beliefs about health and medicines: validation of 2 questionnaires].
2008
Abstract Objective We translated 2 health beliefs questionnaires–an instrument based on the health belief model (HBM) containing 19 items in 6 domains and the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) containing 18 items divided into a general and a specific section–and then administered and validated them in a group of Spanish patients with asthma. Patients and Methods In 2 clinical visits data were collected on 126 patients with stable asthma of different levels of severity. At the first visit, the patients underwent spirometry and were asked questions about sociodemographic factors and clinical history. At the second visit, they completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Dep…
Development of a questionnaire measuring treatment concerns in regular dental patients
2008
– Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop an instrument measuring core concerns about dental treatment guided by Reiss’ expectancy theory of fear. This would include the content domains of injury, somatic reaction and interpersonal concerns, to study the underlying factorial structure, and to determine the test quality of the resulting subscales. Methods: A total of 555 regular dental patients answered the item pool. Subsamples filled in the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) (n = 346) and the Anxiety-Present Scale of the state-form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) (n = 187). A second sample (n = 89) was used to determine test-retest reliability and bias for social desirabi…